Thursday, September 3, 2020
An Investigation of the Gender Gap of Boys Underachieving in Literacy Essay Example for Free
An Investigation of the Gender Gap of Boys Underachieving in Literacy Essay The reason for this examination was to explore the sex hole, particularly of boysââ¬â¢ underachievement in education, and find if there are specific systems that schools can execute so as to raise the achievement levels of young men. As the issue of the sexual orientation hole is so wide I chose writing to survey which secured a wide scope of scholars and existing investigations. Explicitly I needed to recognize a portion of the recommended reasons for the underachievement of young men and any previously proposed powerful systems which I could execute in my own examination. The information I gathered from the examination was both subjective and quantitative so as to give an increasingly legitimate result; these incorporated an open-finished, semi-organized meeting, which I felt would empower the respondent to give a more extensive scope of thoughts; surveys, perception and existing information. The outcomes indicated that there is in truth a nearby connection between's young men who don't peruse for joy/happiness and young men who underachieve. Anyway it additionally demonstrated that there are explicit systems that can be applied to meet the adapting needs of young men so as to raise their accomplishments. Anyway because of the size of the point this little examination can't give a conclusive result to the causes and arrangements of young men education, it has simply proposed some likely purposes behind and some potential cures. Speculation During the previous twenty years there have been rising worries over the accomplishment hole among young men and young ladies, especially with young men underachieving in education. The point of this examination is to recognize if perusing is the primary factor for the accomplishments of young men in education, or if there are different systems that can be actualized to raise the fulfillment levels of young men and thusly close the hole. To finish this examination, I will embrace the examination at an all boysââ¬â¢ school (for moral reasons of namelessness, the school will be known as School A) situated in a verdant rural region in the North West of England. School A will be a high accomplishing school contrasted with other blended and same sex schools in the Local Area. The current Head of English (HoD) is driven, aggressive and exceptionally energetic towards pupilsââ¬â¢ accomplishing the most ideal outcomes. During the exploration I anticipate that results should show that there is a connection between's high accomplishing young men and happiness regarding perusing for joy. I additionally hope to locate that specific study hall procedures can adequately affect the achievement levels of young men, especially in the individuals who don't peruse for joy. Writing REVIEW In 1993 Ofsted detailed that young men don't proceed also in English as young ladies (refered to in Bearne, 2004), and all the more as of late the National Assessment of Education Progress (2009) has discovered that ââ¬Ëfemale understudies reliably score higher than young men on normal in both perusing and writingââ¬â¢ (Watson et al., 2010: 356). Anyway this idea is anything but another one; analysts for the Gender and Education Association noticed that during the 1950s and 1960s the pass rate for the eleven or more assessments, taken by practically every one of the multi year olds as of now, were distinctive for young men and young ladies; Epstein et al. (1998 refered to in Watson et al., 2010) claims that the pass rate for young men was lower than young ladies since young ladies as far as anyone knows developed sooner than young men. Gareth Malone, composing for the Telegraph in September 2010 expressed that broadly ââ¬Ëboys linger behind young ladies in perusing by 6 rate focuses and recorded as a hard copy by 15 rate pointsââ¬â¢ (Malone, 2010). In spite of this, Gorard (2001, refered to in Malacova, 2007) accepts that, the frenzy about the sexual orientation accomplishment hole is overstated; he accuses the idea for absence of adequate information, which as of not long ago had not been accessible, and accepts that a ton of the suspicions in regards to young men underachievement depends on measurable error. Gorard (2001, refered to in Malacova, 2007) led the principal UK investigation of national informational collection over a multi year time span; he found that the hole just showed up among high-capacity understudies and that the quantity of young men and young ladies bombing tests was comparative. His decisions found that the sex hole was, on the off chance that anything, diminishing. Notwithstanding Gorardââ¬â¢s (2001) examination, there are numerous who despite everything feel that the exhibition hole is a worry. In 1993 the Ofsted report offered some understanding into varying viewpoints and clarifications for boysââ¬â¢ underachievement, including the absence of male proficiency good examples, study hall procedures, educational program education content, impression of conduct, social class and ethnicity (refered to in Bearne, 2004). Solsken (1995, refered to in Bearne, 2004) added to this rundown guaranteeing that proficiency is connected more with females and womanliness an d accepts this conceivably negatively affects young men and their mentalities towards perusing. Solkenââ¬â¢s (1995) contention interfaces intimately with Watson et al.(2007) who suggested that well known clarifications regularly center around boysââ¬â¢ ââ¬Ëbiological make-upââ¬â¢. They guarantee that proof shows that ââ¬Ëhegemonic manliness is fundamental to the battles young men face as education learnersââ¬â¢ (Watson et al. 2010: 357). Rowan et al (2002) additionally accepts that ââ¬Ëboys are naturally extraordinary to young ladies and this organically contrast is the reason for conduct differencesââ¬â¢ (Rowan et al. 2002, refered to in Watson et al. 2010:357). He accepts that because of these organic contrasts, young men and young ladies are characterized by natural manliness and womanliness attributes and all together for instructive achievement this must be recognized and suited for. This is a significant attestation to consider for this specific contextual investigation; because of the mastery of young men in School An it is essential to see how ma nly qualities are provided food for in an all boysââ¬â¢ school. One of the recommendations to improve proficiency for young men is to make training more ââ¬Ëboy friendlyââ¬â¢ by including all the more perusing materials that young men appreciate, for example, activity and realistic books, which will rouse young men to peruse. Hornton (2005) accepts that juvenile young men could rediscover the enchantment of books by utilizing writings that intrigue to their inclinations. Youthful and Brozo (2000, refered to in Brozo, 2010) esteem that empowering young men and effectively helping them to discover passageways into proficiency and perusing ought to be made need by educators. During this specific investigation the thought and idea of effectively advancing education through any course conceivable is tended to by School Aââ¬â¢s English division head in the meeting, and shows that it is basic for young men know that perusing doesn't need to be kept to explicit classifications and creators. Besides Cole Hall (2001, refered to in Taylor, 2004) guarantee that young men read less fiction than young ladies, liking to decide on messages that contain more realities and less account, for example, magazines or writings that are logical. Also Millard (1997) claims that young men will in general decide on kinds, for example, activity and sci-fi while perusing as meager as conceivable in school that they want to pull off. Because of these inclinations, boysââ¬â¢ are off guard in scholarly education as their inspiration towards school writings and educational program writings is influenced. Probst (2003, refered to in Taylor, 2004) accepts that if young men are to draw in with perusing, the writings that they are approached to examine should be noteworthy to them. As it were it appears that in current proficiency instruction, there isn't sufficient invigorating material which tends to the requirements or interests of young men. Millard (1997) relates the discoveries of boysââ¬â¢ clear absence of enthusiasm for perusing as huge to low accomplishment in English, while Holland (1998) characteristics exercise style and methodologies as a portion of different foundations for underachievement. Both of these contentions are legitimate for this specific examination and will be researched further by considering the understanding propensities and the anticipated GCSE evaluations of young men in a high set and a low set, and by investigating specific training styles actualized in School A. Hollandââ¬â¢s study (1998) demonstrated that young men can spend any measure of the day, originating from 25 percent up to 75 percent, inactively tuning in to the instructor as opposed to effectively captivating. When attempting to motivation behind why young men had an inclination for this she found that the young men favored exercises which were viable, had a scope of various exercises, (for example, individual exploration, bunches work or conversations), or included rivalry. On the off chance that young men are uninvolved during English exercises they are not learning the fundamental proficiency aptitudes required to assist them with accomplishing results. Mulling over this it appears to be then that educational practice should be tended to. Taylor (2004) recommends that instructors thinking about their own training could ponder whether they are meeting the individual adapting requirements for every kid through learning pace and style, and creative procedures which expand on boysââ¬â¢ existing premiums to augment their latent capacity, advancement and passionate needs. Pollack (1998, refered to in Taylor, 2004) concurs with this hypothesis proposing that various open doors ought to be introduced to young men for hands on, intelligent learning. Technique My way to deal with research was distinguished by the nature and setting of the inquiry. Subsequent to considering the reason and wanted results for the examination I concluded that the exploration would appear as a contextual analysis, consolidating a blend of both subjective and quantitative information to guarantee legitimacy and unwavering quality; ââ¬Ëqualitative techniques may enhance the discoveries by distinguishing holes from the quantitative studyââ¬â¢ (Bryman Bell 2007:650). The choice was made to gather proof utilizing a multi-strategy approach including meetings, surveys and examination of existing recorded information. As indicated by Gillham (2000) ââ¬Ëdifferent strategies have various qualities and diverse wea
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Explaining the assertions in the quotation in your own words Essay
Clarifying the affirmations in the citation in your own words - Essay Example At the end of the day, the quotist affirms that a dictator doesn't have to confront an electorate to endorse his initiative, since it is tyrant. On this note, the creator attests that in a popular government, legislators use dialects that are well mannered, and persuading to deceive the individuals on the significance of their approaches, and why they should get down to business. As he would like to think, in a popular government, there is no trustworthiness, and individuals take power through untrustworthy methods, for purposing of propelling their own plans, to the detriment of the residents of the state. The creator additionally attests that, in a popular government, a pioneer is lauded by a similar group when he is doing acceptable, and his disappointments obscure. Promptly his disappointments are known, he faces threatening vibe from a similar group that commended him previously. On this note, the creator affirms that in a majority rule government, in as much as pioneers are not genuine, individuals are additionally not legit. They are unsteady in their psyches, concerning a specific head, or strategy, and on this note, they don't have the foggiest idea what they need. Their necessities are just characterized by those in power. The creator further affirms that the individuals of Thebes can't oversee majority rules system. He is of the sentiment that, the individuals can't shape genuine decisions, and in this manner come up short on the capacity to administer a state. He additionally attests that, individuals in Thebes are so much pre-busy with monetary advantages that they don't put their psyches on governmental issues. On this note, the creator attests that popular government offers a chance to an individual without any qualities and ethical quality, to get to work. The individual relies upon his riches, and once in office, he will serve his own advantages. A portion of the statements on this statement are correct, and some aren't right. For example, the declaration that in a vote based system a ruler must counsel so as to establish a strategy is valid (Tilly, 51). Popular government gives a chance to the residents of the state, to draw in themselves in the administration of their state (Kraut, 41). In a majority rules system, individuals pick their
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Sports Facility Improvement free essay sample
The requirement for an unmistakable and organized system for future interest in sports office arrangement is especially basic given the conceivable requirement for extra arrangement because of populace development in the District, and explicitly in the St Neots territory, and the requirement for progressing interest in the current foundation. Given the idea of the District, which is a blend of the four primary towns of Huntingdon, Ramsey, St Neots and St Ives, littler towns and progressively provincial territories there is additionally a need to guarantee that sports offices are available all through the District. The advancement of the games offices technique likewise gives the chance to evaluate the state of existing arrangement, and whether it is suitable to fulfill nearby needs and need and to guarantee that potential new arrangement assists with tending to any present lacks â⬠quantitative or subjective. Likewise, there is a need to guarantee that the proper amount and nature of offices are given to encourage expanded support (Government motivation), and improve the strength of the nearby network. We will compose a custom article test on Sports Facility Improvement or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are two fundamental variables which are especially pertinent to the future arrangement of sports offices; these are the future execution of the Building Schools for the Future Program (BSF) in the District, and the huge region of populace development around St Neots. This system will be utilized to direct and educate the nature and degree regarding assets, money related and operational, which are expected to guarantee that Huntingdonshire has forward-thinking, fit for reason, open and inviting games offices for the current network, individuals working in, or visiting the District, and any new occupants in the District. The Sports Facilities Strategy for Huntingdonshire ââ¬Ëfitsââ¬â¢ inside the vital structure for getting ready for future arrangement as follows: Creating Active Places (Regional Framework) Cambridgeshire County Sports Facilities Strategy (County Framework) Huntingdonshire Sports Facilities Strategy (nearby needs reacting to neighborhood needs and issues) Strategy Scope The focal point of this procedure is indoor games offices (pools, sports corridors, wellbeing and wellness offices, indoor dishes), and Artificial Turf Pitches (ATPs). The Strategy considers existing and arranged offices consolidating: â⬠¢ Local position recreation focuses Voluntary division sports clubs Private segment offices Secondary schools that will be re-fabricated or re-improved under PFI or the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) program It is essential to stretch that this procedure centers around network sports office arrangement and the requirements for arrangement both now and into what's to come. The District likewise has a noteworthy donning foundation which incorporates arrangement for exercises, for example, golf, cruising and so forth, and an enormous number of individual games clubs. These are essential to encourage expanded support, and urge individuals to get engaged with action all the time. Technique Drivers The key drivers for the Strategy are: â⬠¢ The need to design deliberately and guarantee maintainability of future arrangement The Local Development Framework (LDF), and Supplementary Planning Documents setting out desires for S106 commitments from engineers towards momentum and future games office arrangement I Huntingdonshire District Sports Facility Strategy Executive Summary March 2008 Official SUMMARY â⬠¢ The needs and targets for the Sustainable Community Strategy The need to distinguish what arrangement is required in St Neots given the huge populace increments made arrangements for this zone of the District The need to recognize how best to accommodate those living in provincial regions, where availability to sports offices is increasingly restricted The need to expand support at nearby level Opportunities for organizations â⬠Building Schools for the Future (BSF) Schools, National Governing Bodies (NGBs), Sports Clubs and so on. N. B The criticism from NGBs mirrors that picked up in the improvement of ââ¬ËCreating Active Placesââ¬â¢ and the Cambridgeshire County Strategy. This way to deal with the future vital arranging of sports offices will keep on being significant for the District given various critical components at neighborhood level, for example, PARTICIPATION LEVELS â⬠¢ The ebb and flow elevated levels of support in sport and physical movement in the District over half of all Huntingdonshire occupants matured 16+ take an interest in physical action (investment is higher in Huntingdonshire than in England) â⬠¢ The Hinchingbrooke School Sports Partnership is currently settled, and progressing in the direction of the objectives set for the arrangement of 2 hours of PE for youngsters under 16 in addition to 2/3 hours of cooperation in after school sports and physical action HEALTH CHALLENGES â⬠¢ Relatively high occurrences of malignancy â⬠¢ Growing rate of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) â⬠¢ Moderately high quantities of individuals smoking (1 out of 5) â⬠¢ The pace of admissions to emergency clinic with liquor explicit conditions is not exactly the England normal â⬠¢ The need to guarantee that corpulence, particularly among youngsters, lessens â⬠¢ The chance to bridle the social parts of game and physical action to address issues f social separation â⬠¢ The open door for dynamic interest to add to keeping up higher future for the Districtââ¬â¢s populace than the England normal PLANNING ISSUES â⬠¢ The need to guarantee interest in future arrangement of sports offices, and the possibility to accomplish this through distinguishing proof of needs which advise the Local Development Framework (LDF) POPULATION GROWTH â⬠¢ Significant development in populace in and around St Neots, toward the south of the District â⬠¢ The need to create Local Standards of arrangement to educate and manage future S106 commitments from engineers District Profile Hunt ingdonshire is a country territory with four fundamental settlements. Albeit close to 12 miles separated as far as separation, the nature of the region implies that availability to network arrangement, including sports offices, is a test. Current games office arrangement is arranged in every one of the primary settlements to defeat this issue. There is a need to consider how those living in the rustic zones can best be given participative chances. Huntingdonshire District Sports Facility Strategy Executive Summary March 2008 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The District is generally rich, yet has little pockets of hardship. There are elevated levels of business and normal wages are higher than different pieces of the region, albeit some more youthful individuals need formal capabilities. Future is high, and contrasted with a portion of the other increasingly provincial and urban regions, there are less genuine medical problems, except for a developing occurrence of CHD, and generally high paces of disease, experienced by the populace. The District has a huge more youthful populace, and a high extent of 30-multi year olds; this profile is significant for sports arrangement, as people will in general be progressively dynamic when more youthful. In light of the Active People Survey (Sport England December 2006), grown-up (ie those matured more than 16 years) cooperation rates in sport and physical movement are higher than the rates at national level. The degree of investment identifies with participating in a short time of physical movement in any event 3 times each week. Sports office arrangement in the District is all around thought of (remark in Huntingdonshire Cultural Strategy 2007), yet there is a proceeding with requirement for capital venture just to keep up the Councilââ¬â¢s existing five recreation habitats. There are potential association open doors for new arrangement through the training division, and furthermore connected to the development motivation. Present and Future Demand Supply and Demand Analysis It is essential to push that this evaluation depends on national models which distinguish the degree of arrangement required for a present and future degree of populace ie what level and kind of sports office arrangement is expected to give sufficiently to a particular number of individuals. To make this progressively applicable at nearby level, the demonstrating at that point distinguishes the genuine degree of open games office arrangement ie that which is accessible on a compensation and play premise; this features the way that there are assembled offices in the District that are not completely available for network use. This circumstance, which is regular over the UK would propose that the route forward is about a mix of opening up existing games offices to guarantee there is more prominent network access, and growing new offices where proper, however especially to address the Districtââ¬â¢s development motivation eg in the St Neotââ¬â¢s zone. Current Demand Table 1 Supply and Demand Analysis 2008 Facility Type Swimming Pools Sports Halls (4 badminton court size) Required Level of Supply (in light of 2007 populace of 168,200 (2004 based populace Government Actuary Department information, distributed October 2007) 1756. 67 sq m Current Level of Provision Current Level of Accessible Provision (in view of availability for pay and play utilization) 688 sq m Surplus (+)/Deficit (_) of open arrangement (in light of 212 sq m being 1 x 4 path x 25m pool) - 1068. 67 sq m (equal to 5. 1 x 4 path x 25m pools) 32. 3 (proportionate to 8 x 4 badminton court sports lobbies) N. B 3 court corridors at Sawtry and Ramsey Leisure Centers excluded from above figure) 223 stations +5 - 3 938 sq m (of 25m x 4 path pools or more) 35 courts (4 badminton court lobbies or more) 48. 26 badminton courts 16 badminton courts (4 + courts) Fitness Stations Indoor Bowls All climate turf pitch
ââ¬Åthe Yellow Wallpaperââ¬Â by Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Self articulation is one of humanityââ¬â¢s most prominent blessings. It is significant that people communicate from numerous points of view, regardless of whether it is writing in a diary, painting, singing, or simply talking with somebody. Holding in oneââ¬â¢s emotions can be unfortunate and it can prompt sadness, tension, or madness. In ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the storyteller, a high society lady defies her husbandââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"cureâ⬠for her downturn, which restricted her to practice her creative mind. She leaves well enough alone diary in which she records her contemplations and interest about the yellow backdrop. Because of the psychological limitations put upon her, she loses authority over the real world. Writing in a diary can be utilized as an apparatus to communicate. A diary can turn into a protected space to help discharge on edge contemplations and negative sentiments. In ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaper, the storyteller writes in her diary, ââ¬Å"I cry at nothing, and cry more often than not. Obviously I donââ¬â¢t when John is here, or any other person, however when I am distant from everyone else. Furthermore, I am distant from everyone else a decent arrangement a little while ago (Gilman 428). One may propose that the storyteller is a forlorn individual who conceals her actual emotions from her significant other and every other person. Her better half shows no enthusiasm of her musings or worries for the conditions she is living under. So she keeps on concealing her downturn and utilizations a diary as her passionate outlet, however her creative mind defeats her. Not communicating can thus prompt sorrow, tension, or craziness. Thus it is essential to practice oneââ¬â¢s creative mind. In ââ¬Å"The Yellow Wallpaperâ⬠, the storyteller is taboo to do anything dynamic and to not practice her brain at all. She guides her consideration towards the yellow backdrop and gets fanatical over it. ââ¬Å"All night in any sort of light, in sundown, candlelight, lamplight, and most exceedingly terrible of all by moonlight it becomes bars! The outside example I mean, and the ladies behind it is as plain as can beâ⬠(431). The storyteller feels encased in her room and thinks the examples in the backdrop are bars of a confine. She gazes at the backdrop for extensive stretches of time and finds a lady behind the example. One may propose that she is the ladies behind the examples attempting to break free. In her last diary passage, she expressed, ââ¬Å"I pulled and she shook, I shook and she pulled, and before morning we had stripped yards of that paperâ⬠(433). Stripping off ââ¬Å"that paperâ⬠on could recommend that she is unwinding the example of her trained life. Besides, all together for the storyteller to get herself, she loses her mental soundness.
Friday, August 21, 2020
The impact of Wireless technology on the field of Communication and Essay
The effect of Wireless innovation on the field of Communication and PC building - Essay Example Today, we have remote innovation. Instances of remote innovation are surrounding us including cell phones, workstations, USB web, and cameras and so forth. These advances are significant in light of the fact that they assist us with remaining associated with one another constantly. The effect of remote innovation on correspondence and PC designing is large. In this paper, it has been talked about how large the effect of remote innovation on correspondence and PC is designing. Correspondence is discussion, association, or change of words, thoughts, or messages between at least two than two individuals simultaneously. For quite a while in the history, when there used to be no remote innovation or even wired innovation, individuals used to send letter to one another through post. That was a very tedious procedure. The mailman conveyed the letters by hand. It required some investment for the sender to get the answer from the individual through letter. At that point came wired innovation. The historical backdrop of remote innovation can be followed back to ââ¬Å"1896 [when] Marconi took his device to England where he was acquainted with Mr. (later Sir) William Preece, Engineer-in-Chief of the Post Office, and soon thereafter was conceded the world's first patent for an arrangement of remote telegraphyâ⬠(nobelprize.org, 2013). At the point when phone was made, it changed correspondence a great deal. It took the nature of correspondence and its speed to an unheard of level. Individuals reached each other by telephone. Those used to be huge telephones with ringers and catches containing digits. In spite of the fact that those wired phones improved correspondence a great deal, yet they were hard to set up as one expected to do appropriate wiring so as to have the option to talk through them. At that point came cell phones. In the beginning, just hardly any individuals had cell phones and it was viewed as a superficial point of interest. Be that as it may, in the course of the most recent decade, cell phones turned out to be extremely normal and even exceptionally destitute individuals began having them. Cell phones took the correspondence to a considerably more significant level. Utilizing cell phones, individuals didn't need to interface with one another through wires since cell phones were remote. They worked by getting signals from the air. This moved the duty over to the cell phone organizations and the media transmission organizations to introduce their towers all over the place with the goal that the signs would proliferate all over the place. When these towers were introduced, individuals turned out to be exceptionally free. They could converse with one another both inside the nation and outside utilizing cell phones. Correspondence turned out to be totally remote. Over the progression of time, cell phones improved in quality. They got more slender, more astute, and more honed in that their highlights were improved. At that point cam e cell phones with cameras introduced in them. This further improved correspondence since individuals couldn't just converse with one another, yet in addition trade photographs with one another that were caught utilizing the versatile phoneââ¬â¢s camera. Web is another innovation that is accessible in remote structure and has had an incredible effect over correspondence and PC designing. Today, web is accessible in various structures. There is a wired structure and there is a remote structure moreover. In the wired structure, web organizations give wired association with the clients at their homes. They interface their PCs or PCs to the web gadget utilizing wires. Wires are embedded in ports, one in the personal computer and the other in the web gadget. PCs have an edge over personal computers since they comprise of wifi office. Wifi gets signs of the web gadget so web can be run on the PC without interfacing it to the web gadget utilizing a wire. Utilizing such web associations, individuals began speaking with one another in an
Monday, August 3, 2020
How to Write a Biology Term Paper
How to Write a Biology Term Paper Looking for Biology Term Paper Ideas? Need advice on how to write the introduction of a term paper in biology or looking for interesting biology term paper topics? Biology is a vast field of science that investigates, describes, and analyzes the structures and functions of living organisms and their interactions with the environment. There are a lot of biological disciplines such as biochemistry, anthropology, cell and molecular biology, genetics, evolution, microbiology, physiology of animals and plants, etc. Thatâs why your choice of topics will depend on the particular biology course that you are taking. A term paper in biology is usually written as the result of an original laboratory or field (library) investigation so it is written in a form of a research report or a literature review. Biologists have a standard format that is used for reporting research results. The most general structure for a research report in biology is: The abstract is a short summary of a term paper and includes key information about the research problem, methods of investigation, research results, and the conclusions and implications. The introduction has a clear problem statement or a hypothesis, followed by a concise literature review. The methods section has a detailed record of procedures that were used so that any other investigator could repeat your work. The results section includes a report of your data: a summary of your findings, tables, and figures, and statistical analysis of the data. The discussion section provides your interpretation of results and explains why they are important. Literature cited is the final section that includes the references that you cite in the text of your biology term paper. Another type of biology paper is a library research paper where you have to summarize in your own words the current state of knowledge about a certain topic. Your term paper should describe the historical perspective and give a summary of the recent work on your topic. How to write a biology term paper? When writing a term paper in biology, you should make every effort to communicate clearly and precisely about your research ideas and findings. Thatâs why everything in your biology paper should be kept simple â" language, logic, and structure. Your readers should be able to reproduce your experiments using the information that you provide in your research paper. If your readers cannot repeat your study after they have read your biology report and need some additional information or outside knowledge, then your report is incompetent. Itâs obligatory to show why your study was performed (Introduction) what exactly was done and how you did it (Materials and Methods) what are the findings â" biological results(statistical data should be used) (Results and Discussion) Your biology term paper should follow the general format for a research report that was explained earlier. Your assignment should be original and written entirely in your own words. You must make proper citations and refer to all sources that you used in your term paper to avoid plagiarism. Term Paper in Human Biology A course in human biology is usually taken by students who wish to advance in health and sports topics, and those who want to advance in science disciplines. Human biology is a general introductory college course that describes the biology of humans from multiple different aspects so it covers a large variety of topics, for example, human body and it functions. It starts from the description of the human body as a typical mammalian vertebrate and ends with the study of the specific functions of individual cells and even molecules. Besides, a considerable part of this introductory course is devoted to explaining how the humans have influenced the biology of our planet. When you are assigned writing a term paper in this course, you can choose among a large variety of human biology term paper topics so you are sure to find one special topic which interests you most of all. For example, you may write about human anatomy, embryology, human genome, birth control, immune response, nutrition and more. Writing a biology term paper might be a time-consuming and rather challenging task. Doing laboratory or library research requires strong analytical and critical thinking skills. Spending days on end in the laboratory or in the library may be so tiresome. Besides, scientific writing has strict rules which are not easy to follow and scientific writing process may be overwhelming, especially if you deal with new, complex content. So many students struggle with writing their college papers in biology and canât do without professional writing help. If you have problems with completing your term paper in biology, you can hire a qualified writer on our custom paper writing service and ask him/her: âwrite my biology paperâ. Our expert writers have knowledge and skills to complete an impressive model paper on any topic and help you get the grade that you want.
Monday, June 22, 2020
The Case Study On Evaluation Of Teamwork In An Organization - 825 Words
The Case Study On Evaluation Of Teamwork In An Organization (Research Paper Sample) Content: Teamwork in an organizationNameInstitutionDateTeamwork has always turn out to be an innermost issue for many corporations, and self-managing teams are frequently viewed as the objective of teamwork growth programs. The increased pressure on an expert to carry out their tasks with few workers, at a faster pace, and with more excellence and client responsiveness make the need for teamwork. This is in particular apparent in research and growth organizations where the difficulty of new goods and reduced life cycle of new goods makes team work a requirement. Study and development actions, on the other hand, have a uniqueness which might ease the efficiency of a self-managing squad.This study project examined expert level teams in research and growth facilities at two sections in the firm. All of these departmental firms were trying to introduce self-managing squad in IT mission. The study examined the role of supervision in upholding teamwork, the effects of executive and human resources performance on team accomplishment, and the effects of the changeover to a self-managing squad. Even though this association was using diverse strategies to build up teams and create self-managing teams amongst their R D experts, they encountered similar troubles in an effort to promote teamwork.Case StudyAt the beginning of the year, employees were employed in various departments and were required to work and develop expertise in managing the design and development of client websites. The unit LL1 Project supervision methodologies, uses a panel of HERDSA 2003 and unit LL2 utilize their professional ability to meet a real requirement for a business customer. The team task includes programmers, graphic designer, and plan managers. There were 50 workers operating this unit. The aim was to have employee teamwork project management issues that could occur when dealing with actual clients in real growth and was greatly focused on collaboration and problem-solving. The su rroundings were based on the learning ideology of authenticity. Within these surroundings, the two teams were chosen for research. One team was highly victorious in developing a quality result, and team up in a highly successful way. Another team experienced ruthless team troubles, which caused it to dysfunction and were forced to separate. Statistics was collected on both of these groups from focus groups conference, interviews, and questionnaires that were evidence and record for analysis. A summary of the outcome is discussed below with position to key attributes desirable for successful collaboration as outlined.ResultsThe Successful workers were highly victorious in developing an excellence product, as well as being extremely collaborative. Team gathering was always pleasant, and at a particular point, team issues were discussed as being challenging. The group always focused on the mission and how the procedure of growth could be improved by exploring a potential of the manager s, client and end consumers. A study of the data composed shows that, a specific principal were needed for the prosperity of the teamwork.Another group was ineffective since it experienced harsh team problems. At the initial peer evaluation session, marks were given amongst the team associated, as it was confirmed that some team associate were not contributing. Even though an agreement was made at this group, the marks were conveyed to everyone, and the proposal was made about on how to rectify the situation. This was clearly evident from the observations being made through the secret in an on-line journal admission made each week. Following this disagreement, team associate felt they could no longer work join team, although they had a heavier workload, they collectively agreed to separate and form two different teams.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study evaluates how well two groups acted upon by comparing attributes known for victorious teamwork. The outcome from this learning ind icates that the real attributes ar...
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Essay about Business Strategy of Amazon - 2437 Words
Introduction With the advent of the information technology, specifically the internet, it is said that more and more companies are existing in the online world. The changes in the business market also allows customers to change and become more dependent on online stores and online shopping than go and find something in shopping malls or retail store. One of the existing and considered as the largest and competitive online shopping in the world is Amazon. In this report, the goal is to analyse Amazon based on the case study provided. The analysis includes the discussion of Amazonââ¬â¢s s strategic intent, main resources and capabilities. In addition, this will also include analysis of the resources and capabilities that giveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦As discussed in the case study, the advertising and marketing strategy of Amazon have been focusing on how the products would gain interest from their target market and how they can be able to generate sales with their products. Th is is Amazonââ¬â¢s stronghold where it continues to yield strong sales revenue by leveraging off its excellent online shop in different locations, such as in UK and other country, strong brand name and excellent reputation among customers. Amazon has also been continuing to create affiliate websites to expand their business market among various consumers. Amazonââ¬â¢s mains resources and capabilities The presence of strong as well as effective leadership in todayââ¬â¢s organization imposes a great responsibility to the organizationââ¬â¢s team and management networks as leadership implies the overall capacity of the organizationââ¬â¢s performance like for instance, in terms of operations and research development. It can be said that Amazonââ¬â¢s resources and capabilities can be divided in the management of the company specifically their leader which is Bezos, the ability of the management to effectively use strategic supply chain management and aligning it with their business process and information technology, their competitive advantage in the online market, and the financial resources that it gains through its successful approaches. Accordingly, the leader of the company has been able to use appropriate leadershipShow MoreRelatedAmazon Business Strategy 11203 Words à |à 5 PagesAmazon Business Strategy BIS/219 Amazon Business Strategy Successful business partnerships are the driving force behind competitive online retailers. Innovated strategies, business techniques, and customer relations management (CRM) will further enhance Amazonââ¬â¢s customer satisfaction and loyalty. Amazon uses e-business, e-commerce, and data management to gain competitive advantages against other online retailers. ââ¬Å"No company exemplifies a new business era ofRead MoreBusiness Strategy of Amazon: A Summary1794 Words à |à 8 Pages | |Business Strategy ââ¬â Case Study 2 | |Amazon.Com | Submitted to: Mr. Nirmaalya.B.Biswas Dr. Amrita Saxena Submitted by: Jainie Jose BLR0906032007 Clareena Shafali Serrao BLR0906032032 Prashant Adhangle BLR0906032026 A.R.Sidhardha BLR0906032009 Contents Summary of the Amazon Case: 3 Business Model: 4 Strength:Read MoreCritical Appraisal Of Amazon.Com Current E-Business Strategy And Activities1481 Words à |à 6 PagesBusiness strategies and activities play a very crucial role in the future development of the organization. These strategies become more important, in case of e-business organization such as Amazon. Every organization uses different business strategies in order to remain in business. Some adopt customer- centric strategies; some uses strategies to maximize their profit. For a long time, many organizations have made quality as their selling point. The goal of this report is to analyze the AmazonsRead MoreAmazon s Diversification Strategy Analysis1403 Words à |à 6 PagesAmazonââ¬â¢s diversification strategy Diversification strategies involve broadening the scope of an organization across different products and market sectors. It requires an organization to explore new experiences and knowledge outside its existing markets and products (Business Case Studies). Strategic management is a business concept that consists of strategy analysis, creation, implementation and monitoring, used by organizations in order to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage (as cited byRead MoreAmazon s Business Model Analysis Essay1008 Words à |à 5 PagesAmazon Amazon.com is ranked number one out of the Top 25 U.S. E-commerce Retailers (ranked by annual sales) as of 2016 (Zaczkiewicz, p 1). Amazon ranks above many other e-commerce retailers, such as Wal-Mart, Apple, Staples, and Macy s. The business model, customer value propositions, revenue model, marketspace, main competitors, comparative advantages, market strategy, management team, and organizational structure has helped Amazon to stay in business since 1996. Business Model Amazon s businessRead MoreThe Customer Centric Philosophies Of Amazon Essay1561 Words à |à 7 PagesCustomer-centric Philosophies of Amazon Although each retailer announced them to pursue the idea of customer first, the customer is god signs are prominently hanging in a lot of shopping malls, but it is really hard to be implemented in the business, amazon is the one of the few (Amazon.com 10-K, 2015). Bezos put a chair in each of the meeting, but he makes the chair empty and leave the chair for the customer who could not represent but is most important for Amazon. Bezos has concluded after purchasingRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Amazon1025 Words à |à 5 PagesAmazon is a Fortune 500 e-commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, the company being one of the first largest to sell goods over the internet. In 1994, Jeff Bezos launched Amazon, the next year the business took off. Amazon originally started out as an online bookstore quickly diversifying its self by adding music, DVDââ¬â¢s, video games and clothing. These daysââ¬â¢ amazon sells everything you can think of, including groceries and delivers right to your door. Amazon considers itself a customer centeredRead MoreAmazon s Strategic Marketing Strategy1458 Words à |à 6 PagesAmazon today was not as thriving and robust as it was in the beginning. Amazon originally was set to market compact discs, computer hardware, co mputer software, videos, and mainly books. With the use of Information Technology, Amazon was able create a new business model using the Web as a place for transactions. As consumers learned it was easier to purchase goods with via the web rather than physically going to the store, Amazon created ecommerce and e-business models that generated massive profitsRead MoreYahoo and Amazon: Building a Competitive Advantage1643 Words à |à 7 PagesRunning Header: Yahoo and Amazon: Building a Competitive Advantage student name professor Bus599 Strategic Management date: 1. Describe, in brief, the histories of both of Amazon.com and Yahoo.com, and determine the core business of each. Yahoo and Amazon have been seeking to have a competitive advantage for years. Since they were incorporated, the companies have experienced a mix of challenges and success as they strive to gain market share. To start with, Yahoo was establishedRead MoreEbay : Ebay Vs. Amazon1709 Words à |à 7 PageseBay vs Amazon | Alvin Cahyadi, Devyani Rana, Emmeline Tjong 1) eBayââ¬â¢s competitive strategy is to provide an online auction platform, which, without holding inventory or providing after sale services, connects buyers and sellers in the sale of ââ¬Å"collectiblesâ⬠and unique products and not just commodities. eBay is asset light and by holding no inventory, it has the competitive advantage of being able to scale fast and enter new markets with little capital expenditure. Since eBay is primarily known
Monday, May 18, 2020
Analysis Of World War Z By Max Brooks - 1397 Words
Throughout history, we observe a countless amount of leaders who implement a point of view in which that one person or a thousand people need to sacrificed in order to save a million others, then that is what is necessary. The idea of sacrificing a few for the greater good of mankind is an ideology that should be respected and followed, and we can see many real world implementations of sacrificing for the greater good in wars, history, books and movies. In a novel by Max Brooks, World War Z, the narrator retells the stories of numerous different characters who all have a different perspective on the zombie war. One of these characters, Paul Redeker, embodies this idea that when it comes to a zombie apocalypse, or what the people of this novel assume to be a form of rabies. During a zombie apocalypse, if there was a virus that possibly was threatening humanity, the approach of eradicating infected areas in order to save the majority is a solution that should be looked into. This ideol ogy is often tied to a morality and philosophical standpoint in which it would be more difficult to assume a definite position on the topic due to numerous types of situational problems regarding extremely specific examples. Some of these examples revolved around what type of people are being used in the scenario and what they can contribute to society. This is done to develop theories on the morality of this idea. Putting morality aside and viewing the ideology in a way where it isShow MoreRelatedEssay about Book Analysis of World War Z by Max Brooks526 Words à |à 3 PagesWorld War Z was written by Max Brooks and published in 2007. Max has two other books that are also about surviving a zombie apocalypse. The general maxim about zombie apocalypse books is that they are for pure entertainment; however, his books carry hidden messages that pertain to modern society. World War Z is an exceptional book of entertainment and knowledge. The book was created into a motion picture starr ing Brad Pitt because of the much kudos that Max Brooks received from readers. No book hasRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words à |à 1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia â⬠¢ Brazil â⬠¢ Canada â⬠¢ Mexico â⬠¢ Singapore â⬠¢ Spain â⬠¢ United Kingdom â⬠¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy PeckRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words à |à 846 Pagesaccounting community may be less able to fulfil these roles in the coming years. In part this reflects a more general decline in the academic world as falling relative salaries and status have reduced the intake of talented academic entrepreneurs. But I also think it reflects the cumulative impact of regulatory and careerist pressures in the academic world itself. With government agencies pressing for ever more standardized and conventional research and with increasingly instrumental careerist Read MoreFactors Affect Profitability26818 Words à |à 108 Pagesindustry-specific and macro-economic factors affecting bank profitability for a total of eight commercial banks in Ethiopia, covering the period of 2000-2011. To this end, the study adopts a mixed methods research approach by combining documentary analysis and in-depth interviews. The findings of the study show that capital strength, income diversification, bank size and gross domestic product have statistically significant and positive relationship with banksââ¬â¢ profitability. On the other hand, variablesRead MoreQuality Improvement328284 Words à |à 1314 Pagesof Mechanical Engineering, and was Director of the Program in Industrial Engineering. Dr. Montgomery has research and teaching interests in engineering statistics including statistical quality-control techniques, design of experiments, regression analysis and empirical model building, and the application of operations research methodology to problems i n manufacturing systems. He has authored and coauthored more than 190 technical papers in these fields and is the author of twelve other books. Dr.Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words à |à 319 Pagesstructure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the United States quite an amazing thing. Those who would presage the arrival of RastafarianismRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words à |à 170 PagesFibrimon (truly-monoecious cultivars), or from crossprogenies of Fibrimon and several dioecious exotic fibre strains (pseudo-monoecious cvs.). Fibrimon is a monoecious cross-bred cultivar with high fibre content. It was bred at the German Max-Planck-Institut HamburgVolksdorf by von Sengbusch between 1951 and 1955 (Bredemann et al., 1961). The parental populations were: inbred material obtained from monoecious plants spontaneously occurring in Havellà ¤ndische or Schurigs hemp whichRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 PagesAre You Feeling Right Now? 98 Self-Assessment Library Whatââ¬â¢s My Affect Intensity? 104 Myth or Science? We Are Better Judges of When Others Are Happy Than When They Are Sad 107 glOBalization! Should You Expect ââ¬Å"Service with a Smileâ⬠All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library Whatââ¬â¢s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123Read MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words à |à 463 Pagesthis work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martinââ¬â¢s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillanà ® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave isRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words à |à 118 6 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFPââ¬â¢s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure
Monday, May 11, 2020
My Time Playing Grand Theft Aut - 1167 Words
As of now I have put in somewhere around 30 days of gameplay time into Grand Theft Auto 5 and am 29% away from completing everything thing in there is to do in the story mode. Iââ¬â¢ve played a lot of different types of games throughout my gaming career and this is one that is definitely in my top 3 of all time. This is a game that I really donââ¬â¢t myself stop playing anytime soon as they keep releasing more downloadable content to go along with the already large amount of replayability. Grand Theft Auto 5 had a lot of hype surrounding its release and I would say that it did indeed live up to the what was expected of it.Grand Theft Auto 5 is a big game in a lot of ways, which starts with a 7.5 gigabyte install before you can before you can do anything. Putting that aside the world is a huge place that Rockstar Games has used to express an ambitious story that always made me want to play ââ¬Å"just one more missionâ⬠. It is a stunning game with amazing graphics that can and does thing most people would think to be impossible to do on our current generation of hardware. The story mode in GTA 5 centers around three main characters. Michael, a retired criminal living a life of idle luxury with his dysfunctional family in the higher class region of Los Santos, Franklin a gang banger that grew up in the streets of Los Santos that is desperate to escape the minimal revenue of petty hustling and gang life, and Trevor an old friend of michaels that is a meth dealer, someone that is paranoid of
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Bbc Television Series Called Merlin - 1224 Words
The BBC television series called Merlin is based on the story of King Arthur. This is a popular legend thatââ¬â¢s popularity was seen throughout the medieval era. The story is thought to have been based at the fall of the Roman Empire, this was also a time when there was an increase in tribes from Germany, called Saxons, in England. Arthur was thought to have helped with the removable of knights from Rome and the Saxons. The legend spans 12 years set in what is thought to have been a fictional time of peace, when the Saxons and the Celtic Britons were not fighting. King Arthur was thought have a court that was great and it was seen in the Kingdom of Camelot. When the Saxons invaded the Celtic Britons relocated to Wales. Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote a book, The History of the Kings of Britain, in the 1100s that is thought to have been base on a Manuscript by the Celts. This book included Queen Guinevere, Excalibur; which is Arthurââ¬â¢s magical sword, Lancelot, and Merlin. After t his it is thought that the legend of King Arthur was added to by poets and developed to include situations such as Guinevereââ¬â¢s, Arthurââ¬â¢s Wife, and Lancelotââ¬â¢s, one of the knights of the round table, relationship. The story continued to develop from the 1100s and the people of the medieval era were inspired by the legend. The round table, one of the important elements from the story, was seen created in the 1200s for King Edward I. 15th century The fashion in the 1400s was more elaborate than those seen in theShow MoreRelatedGoal Movie Review10720 Words à |à 43 Pagesââ¬Å"Weââ¬â¢ve seen a myriad of tremendously successful films that use sport as a backdropââ¬âfilms about baseball, basketball, golf, you name itââ¬âand it just seemed incredible to me that the worldââ¬â¢s biggest sportââ¬âand, in fact, the biggest form of content on television todayââ¬âhas never been the subject of a decent movie,â⬠says Jefferies. It was in 2002, when Jefferies and Barrelle were at the World Cup in Japan, that their idea really began to take shape. Barrelle then spent a year researching the movie industry
Discipline, Suspension Termination Free Essays
Terminating is not anything to lose sleep over nor is it a rocket science if you have done your job. There are many reasons behind termination of an employee for example theft, gross insubordination, and severe economic difficulties. When an organization letââ¬â¢s some one go because of their poor performance, they tend to avoid the situation as long as they can. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipline, Suspension Termination or any similar topic only for you Order Now When finally they do talk to the individual after agonizing endlessly ultimately deliver the bad news. In the end even the organizationââ¬â¢s management feels guilty and angry and so is the employee all angry and confused. In my opinion, the organization handled the situation in a very unprofessional manner. As even the vice president did not even bother to comment on the case of Peter Oiler. The right procedure was to sit and discuss with the employee first, as he was an hard working individual who did his job thoroughly, but it was due to his misconduct after work for which he was terminated. And this led to job insecurity among the other employees of the organization, because now they would think that if they can terminate san employee so easily, it might be their turn next. The organization did win in the court of law but they did lose in the court of public and employee opinion. But, then again the organization did stick to its decision of terminating the employee and they followed through it even though they had no support of the public or the employees. The organization should have had a proper disciplinary policy, clearly stating the off duty behaviour that can lead to termination, this would have definitely made their decision easier and also would have helped them in court. The employee should always be given a second chance and if they still donââ¬â¢t improve or donââ¬â¢t change their behavior then the organization has the right to terminate an employee. But all employees of the organization should be provided with a copy of the disciplinary policy which includes the on duty and off duty behaviour and if they act against it the organization definitely has all the right to terminate the employee. Not only should appropriate steps be taken during the course of termination, but before and after as well. Make sure the employee is being terminated for the right reasons. The reasons for terminating an employee must always be legally defensible one. For example if an employeeââ¬â¢s job performance is sub-par or they have engaged in improper behavior, a termination decision would be legitimate. As long as the organization has documentation to support their decision, they are in the clear. Secondly, before discharging an employee make sure that the organization has fully documented their history of poor performance or conduct. This will help in defending legal claims easier. An organization should always consider the alternatives to termination. In some cases of course termination is necessary, but if work quality issues, work relationships, or outside personal problems appear to be the source of an employeeââ¬â¢s poor performance or misconduct considers alternatives such as reassignment or counseling. It is never easy to decide what to do in matters which involve off duty conduct. There is no right or wrong answer for that. What HR can provide is fair policies that should be strictly followed. Although terminating an employee is an unpleasant task, not to mention tricky, following the few guidelines listed above will definitely help to simplify the process and defend the organization from any legal liability. Putting some extra effort and thought into the decision, as well as indoctrinating your managers with proper termination procedures, will go a long way in ensuring that the termination procedure goes efficiently. How to cite Discipline, Suspension Termination, Papers
Debate over the Strength of Central Government free essay sample
The period of 1783-1800 was shaped by the debate between those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more power given to the states. This period dealt with issues surrounding the formations of factions that threatened to split the young nation, the inclusion of a Bill of Rights, and the constitutionality of a national bank. Factions divided the people into those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more power given to the states. These two groups had differing viewpoints, which influenced decisions regarding the addition of a Bill of Rights and the formation of a national bank. The two major factions that almost disrupted the developing nation were formulated at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. At this convention, delegates representing all states expect Rhode Island formed a new type of government with the creation of the Constitution. In the ratification process America was divided in two, the federalists and anti-federalists. Federalists were in favor of a strong central government and hence supporting the new Constitution, while anti-federalists were in favor of giving the states a greater amount of power, thus opposing it. The opposition to the Constitution spreads from a mistrust of central government due to the grievances of English monarchy. The rights obtained by the central government took away statesââ¬â¢ rights as seen in Sections VIII and X of the Constitution of the United States of American (Document 5). Most people who lived in cities, manufacturers, and northern merchants supported federalist views and most small farmers, southerners and frontiersmen sided with the anti-federalist views. Key federalists included Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, John Jay, and James Madison. In order to promote ratification Hamilton, Jay, and Madison published a series of Federalist Papers, (Document 8). On the anti-federalist side, important figures included Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Aaron Burr, Richard Henry Lee, and Patrick Henry. These men were in favor of the Article of Confederation, which greatly limited the powers of the central government and maximized the powers of state rights. One major flaw that the anti-federalist expressed concerning the Constitution was the lack of a Bill of Rights. A Bill of Rights would secure the rights of the people and prevent the central government from becoming too powerful. The federalists argued that the system of checks and balances would prevent tyranny. However, when many states ratified the Constitution they attached a list of amendments to be added in a Bill of Rights. James Madison compiled these amendments and presented twelve of them to Congress. Ten were passed and added to the Constitution resulting in the American Bill of Rights. One of the most significant amendments is the tenth amendment, which states ââ¬Å"All powers not delegated to the federal government belong to the states or to the people,â⬠(Document 6). This declared that whatever was not restricted or allowed in the Constitution was a right retained by the people or states. The most heated debate amongst federalists and anti-federalist was over the constitutionality of a national bank. Anti-federalists believed the central government did not have the authority to create a national bank, while the federalists believed it was stated in the elastic clause of the Constitution. The United States Constitution was written in a vague terminology by the Founding Fathers, which added to the contention amongst Americans. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, proposed a national bank to ââ¬Å"wish the most proper and speedy measures may be taken, to discharge both foreign and domestic debt,â⬠(Document 7). The anti-federalists, in particular Thomas Jefferson, who favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution, rejected this notion and claimed it was unconstitutional because it was not a power directly stated in the document. However, Hamilton argued that the ââ¬Å"elastic clauseâ⬠as seen in Article I Section VIII, the powers of congress (Document 5), allowed the central government to establish a bank because it was necessary and proper and constitutional, (Document 1). Hamilton, along with the other federalists, favored a loose interpretation of the Constitution. The debate of having a national bank was resolved by giving the national bank a twenty year charter to test it out. This debacle leads to further issues on the topic of government rights versus state rights, and almost leads to the destruction of the country. When the Constitution was in its ratification process the small states sided with federalists in wanting a stronger central government, while larger states sided with anti-federalists in wanting more state rights. This was seen in two important proposals to the Constitutional convention surrounding the executive branch. First, the New Jersey Plan or the small states plans, wanted one house that has equal representation, with one vote per state. This would make small states more powerful and have the same say in the government as the larger states did. Second, was the Virginia Plan or the large states plan (Document 4), was to have a bicameral legislative, with one house with representation based on population, and the other elected through that house. This gave more power to the states, the larger states gaining a clear advantage as well. These two plans clearly portrayed the different ideas of federalists and anti-federalist and demonstrated how vital a role states played throughout this period. This dispute was settled with the great compromise, proposed by Roger Sherman, making a bicameral legislature with the Senate with equal representation for each state and the House of Representatives based on population and direct election. The debate between those who supported a strong central government and those who wanted more state rights truly shaped the period between 1783 and 1800. It dealt with the creation of two factions that could have potentially destroyed the emerging nation and the debates over a Bill of Rights and a national bank. If it were not for the ideas, factions, and development that occurred during the making of the Constitution and the continued building of our nation after, the government of America would not have been as successful as it is today. The Idea that were fought over from 1783 to 1800 has shaped our country and allowed us to be the great nation that we are.
Thursday, April 30, 2020
Petit and fernando free essay sample
There were two young souls with a dedicated passion in the novel ââ¬Å" Let The Great World Spinâ⬠by Colum McCann expressed themselves through different inspiration. Philippe Petit, the French acrobat who in 1974 walked across a tightrope between the Twin Towers. Petit a man with out a fear, well thatââ¬â¢s what you would say if you would watch him pursue what he felt like was destiny. He had a passion most would call crazy, insane, or even fatal. Fernando Yunque Marcano was just young Hispanic fourteen year old boy still experiencing life, and adventure through a camera in the streets of New York. Fernando was blown away by the creativity that these artists would express and how they would show their thoughts through art. Philippe and Fernando are two different people in two different settings living in their own journey. Petit was passionate about ââ¬Å"walking on wire. â⬠He didnââ¬â¢t want to think of the consequences he could face while performing such walk. We will write a custom essay sample on Petit and fernando or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was a calm person just focused on his dream to walk further and higher, to call it history I suppose. His motivation was the rush he received. He puts himself to the test and it was even said that ââ¬Å"His favorite moment was running along the wire without a balancing pole- it was the purest bodyflow he could getâ⬠(McCann 158). When he finally arrived to walk on the wire and went through the rush ââ¬Å"he felt for a moment uncreated. Another kind of awakeâ⬠(McCann164). A person feels like it was a different of kind of living says a lot on how he felt for this passion someone would call insane, he felt alive. He felt something he couldnââ¬â¢t compare it to. Petit had a talent that humanity could not deny. Fernando Yunque Marcano was a humble quiet boy with not much money. He is an adolescent but definitely knew where his passion lied. He hid his face through a camera. Fanatical in his work, the only image that he had in his mine was captivating the moment through photography. Fernando would surf the trains of New York putting himself in danger one hand on his camera trying to take pictures of what he saw such beauty in, tags ââ¬Å"loves the way the letters curl, the arcs, the swerves, the flames, their clouds. â⬠(McCann 168), it shows that he saw creativity and enjoyment to something that we see everyday and probably show not much interest in. His talent to express himself in photographs is another way of speech. Philippe Petite was a man with an obsession of the wire. Fernando Yunque Marcano had an obsession of the camera. They were two legendry men in their own unique way. No matter their motive or their reason they did what they loved to do. Their dedication to what they felt was their purpose overcame their ââ¬Å"fearâ⬠to reality. There dedication to there obsession is another world for his passion.
Saturday, March 21, 2020
Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form Essays
Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form Essays Draws attention to the lack of and inadequate form of enforcements of existing immigration and border laws by the international community, Noting that the deficiency of one nation in the execution of immigration laws and restrictions can significantly effect other countries in correspondence to this issue, Recognizing that illegal immigrants pose a considerable threat to society, the safety, well being and happiness of citizens, Emphasizing that all the clauses in this resolution are for the safety and well being of illegal immigrants to salvage them from the horrid and inhumane conditions they would have to face in their country of destination; such as labor and sexual exploitation and slavery, abuse, discrimination, forced involvement in black market and other illegal affairs, etc. 1. Recommends the denial of all country benefits to illegal immigrants, such as: a. work permits, educational and healthcare services, insurance, tax alleviation, monetary aid, etc because i. this will discourage immigrants from settling in the nation, ii. it will create a harsh environment that the immigrants will eventually be forced to leave 2. Encourages partner nations, and more specifically MEDCs, to enhance the enforcement or create new restrictions against beneficiary aid to illegal immigrants that will not only discourage aliens from settling in the countries but also help identify them, by: a. assigning a national committee to identify and research the permissibility of policy reforms that will focus on such things as, but not limited to: i. establishing a specific methodology for obtaining sufficient identification information with regards to non-profit charitable organizations contracted by the government for the provision of services (such as specific health care projects, education, monetary assistanceect) about service recipients to enable the verification of their qualified status as citizens, ii. imposing requirements on large scale and minor industries, companies, or businesses and other for-profit entities which provide services to their employees (such as insurance, certain fundingetc) to conduct frequent inspections to verify the eligibility and citizenship of the service recipients and disqualify any illegal-workers from these services as well as pinpoint illegal immigrants to the government, 3. Urges MEDC's to not encourage illegal immigrants entering their borders by: a. further securing their borders, both land and water, by i. conducting extensive researches and investigations in locations suspected to suspected to harbor a large flow of illegal immigrants, such as ports and trade routes, specific border stripsetc, focusing on ii. trade and cargo transportation which create the perfect breeding ground for the establishment of trafficking businesses and readily provide the means for illegal immigrants to move across borders, b. administering a strict policy on deportation which would be forcefully enforced and: i. call for the immediate deportation and reintegration of the illegal immigrants to their country of origin upon arrival and discovery, ii. allocate any resisting immigrants in temporary settings until their deportation unless their country of origin were in state of conflict then the immigrants would be assisted in order to apply for a refugee status, 4. Calls for the establishment of a bi-annual international summit in correspondence with the UN called the UN Illegal Immigrants Conference (UNIIC) that will: a. focus on the direct cooperation between MEDCs and LEDCs on this issue and thus create more plausible and successful plans of action using the advantage of the trilateral assistance from both transit, destination, and countries of origin of illegal immigrants by: i. executing global plans that will see several, if not all, nations enacting similar policies, restrictions and laws on the issue thus ii. increasing the efficiency of the enforcement of laws on the treatment of illegal immigrants, iii. augmenting international cooperation on the issue, b. propose courses of actions for the international community that will aim to benefit all sides of the issue while also tackling the central harms caused by illegal immigration on the major fronts, such as: i. detriment to the economic and labor market, social, cultural, and religious impacts, health and safetyetc c. also attempt to address the root causes of illegal immigration in an effort to eliminate its grounds by directly discussing the issue and giving aid in different forms to LEDC's and other major countries of origin for illegal immigrants such as, but not limited to: i. financial aid: which the recipient nation may then use to invest in its own resources and industries to improve the labor market
Wednesday, March 4, 2020
Common Grammatical Errors Between You and Me
Common Grammatical Errors Between You and Me Letââ¬â¢s start with a pop quiz: Is there a grammar mistake in the title of my blog? If you answered ââ¬Å"Yesâ⬠and believe that ââ¬Å"Between You and Iâ⬠would be correct, you have a lot of company. However, ââ¬Å"Between You and Meâ⬠is actually the correct structure. Why do so many of us say ââ¬Å"Between you and Iâ⬠? My guess is that at some point, maybe around age 8, you may have said to your mother something like, ââ¬Å"Jimmy and me are going to the store.â⬠She corrected you: ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËJimmy and Iââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ and something clicked in your head, and you thought that if youââ¬â¢re talking about yourself and another person, you should always say ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠instead of ââ¬Å"me.â⬠Iââ¬â¢m here to set the record straight. There are pronouns that belong as the subject of a sentence. They are: I, you, she, he, we, you, they, it. Then there are pronouns that belong as the object of a sentence. They are: me, you, her, him, us, you, them, it. The first thing you need to know is not to mix these two groups together! ââ¬Å"Him and Iâ⬠for instance takes one pronoun from the object group and one from the subject group. Mixing and matching is always incorrect no matter where in the sentence the pronouns fall. ââ¬Å"Between you and meâ⬠is a little trickier because our language uses ââ¬Å"youâ⬠as both subject and object. Which group are we in here? Think about it: Would you say ââ¬Å"Between usâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Between weâ⬠? Of course you would say Between us. Now you know youââ¬â¢re in the object group which includes both ââ¬Å"usâ⬠and (would you believe it?) ââ¬Å"me.â⬠A nice easy way to determine what pronouns to use, when you want to include two subjects or objects, is to try out the sentence with just one of the subjects or objects and see how it sounds. For example: ââ¬Å"I [not me] went to the store.â⬠ââ¬Å"He [not him] went to the store. Therefore, ââ¬Å"He and I went to the store.â⬠Notice ââ¬Å"heâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠are in the group with ââ¬Å"we.â⬠ââ¬Å"We went to the storeâ⬠is of course also correct. Another example: ââ¬Å"Dave went to the store with him [not he].â⬠ââ¬Å"Dave went to the store with me [not I].â⬠Therefore, ââ¬Å"Dave went to the store with him and meâ⬠is correct. I realize for some of you that last sentence might sound completely wrong and ungrammatical. Between you and me, I think itââ¬â¢s time to change that perception. Thereââ¬â¢s a little quiz you can take at UsingEnglish.com: Quiz: Subject and Object Pronouns.à For more on this topic, see the article The English Personal Pronoun System. ðŸâ¢â Log in to Reply
Monday, February 17, 2020
Nursing management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words
Nursing management - Assignment Example Thus, it is the perception of members in relation to the features of an organization like decision-making, leadership, and ethics at work. Hall (2005) notes that an organizational has a lot of impact on nursesââ¬â¢ achievements. For instance, there is evidence is links the organizational climate to the behavior, motivation and attitudes of clinicians. The orientations and behaviors can in turn affect the quality process and clinical outcome with regard to performance. Stone et al. (2010) note that studies within and outside the healthcare sector reveal that employees experience greater job satisfaction, and less stress, and burden when working under organizational climates that have empowering and supportive leaders, and structured organizational arrangements, and positive groups. In addition, employeesââ¬â¢ satisfaction and commitments to their work have been found to reduce turnover and absenteeism. These findings have valuable implications for clinicians and healthcare centr e managements. For instance, stable health care environments that empower and support nurses are more likely to boost nursing staff satisfaction and commitment. ... Based on Toffler's description of the reasons for generational differences, propose an approach for stabilizing the conflict. Generational differences at the workplace are one aspect that causes a lot of concern between the young and the old. However, Toffler argues that all generations irrespective of age, have similar values, it is only that they express these in different ways. As such, there is no need for these differences since both the old and the young have responsibilities to play at the workplace. Toffler proposes a number of ways by which the two different generations can stabilize and eliminate the conflicts between them. Firstly, he argues that everyone irrespective of age wants respect. Therefore, it is important that the two generations respect one another as this will help stop antagonism between them (Deal and Center for Creative Leadership, 2007). Secondly, the two generations should develop mutual trust between each another without one side despising the other. Bot h the old and young nurses should trust one another at the work place irrespective of the level of experience that one has. This will help mitigate the conflict between the two groups. Deal and Center for Creative Leadership (2007) note that intergenerational conflicts are exaggerated by organizational politics. It is, therefore, important that the nurses, old or young, refrain from engaging in divisive politics as this only increases the rift between the two generations. This will see a reduction in conflicts between nurses from the two divergent generations. 3. During a floor meeting, the head nurse on a unit explains to the staff that evaluations are going to be late because she had to take a fill in for the unit secretary, who was on vacation for a week, and then had to take a
Monday, February 3, 2020
Business Proposal for Nonprofit Ccharity Organizations Essay - 26
Business Proposal for Nonprofit Ccharity Organizations - Essay Example To meet the increasing demand for donations, the company intends to expand the manufacturing unit at a cost of $2million in the next two years (Allen, 2010). The expansion will ensure that the production volume is doubled (Fisher, 2000, p. 89).Ã The capital required for the expansion is the main challenge for the company because it does not intend to change its working principles in order to raise the capital (Armstrong, Cools, & Sadler-Smith, 2011). Therefore, the company intends to look for a grant to cater to expansion costs (Chilton & Bloodgood, 2010). The social implication for the inability to raise the capital will be catastrophic to the company because of failure to meet the increasing demands (Cooper, 2008). The provision of safe water for domestic use is a challenge especially in t developing nations (Archer, 2011). The company targets the provision of water to rural households in Africa. The target country in Africa is Ethiopia the semi-arid regions of the country (Routl ey, 2006). The major plan of the company is to drill boreholes in the region to provide water for the locals (Shaw, 2011). After construction of the boreholes, they are handed over to Community Based organization (CBO) to manage (Global Warming & Climate Change, 2012). The company intends to expand its operation into countries with severe water shortage problem such as South Sudan (Beverly & Thomson, 2011). The company does not operate in a buy one donate one model, but it depends on grants totally (Hart, 2011). The leading donor is Melinda and Gates foundation (McKinsey & Company, 2010). The expansion and operational cost for the year according to the budget are $15 Million (Department of Sustainability Environment, WaterPopulation, and Communities, 2009).
Sunday, January 26, 2020
Investigate the impact of video gaming on society to determine whether it leads to aggressive, violent, anti-social behaviour
Investigate the impact of video gaming on society to determine whether it leads to aggressive, violent, anti-social behaviour Abstract Video games have become one of the favorite activities of adolescents worldwide. A growing body of research is linking video game play to violent, aggressive and anti-social behavior. The purpose of this study was to Investigate the impact of video gaming on society to determine whether it leads to aggressive, violent, anti-social behavior. The first aim of this study was to document the different type of video games and how they work through electronic devices and also to examine associations among video game exposure and the impact it has on school grades and obesity levels. The second aim was to indentify factors which lead to violent, aggressive and anti-social behavior and the extreme lengths in which advertisers and players reach to enjoy the benefits of video games. In addition this study also presents brief outline of the current ratings and censorship on video games in Australia. The overall result of the study revealed that adolescents who expose themselves to greater amounts of video game violence were more were more likely to perform more poorly in school and increase obesity levels. The research also suggested that exposure to violent video games may increase angry and hostile feelings while interacting with peers, teachers and adults. Other results include that the encouragement of violence and the use of weapons like guns, knives, pipes and bombs in video games can ultimately lead to real life situations of violence. The study also goes to length by examining some video games which have been banned due the violent and inappropriate content. The study altogether reveals that modern technology for example video games have an association with many current issues in society like violence, obesity and the extreme addict adolescent have to video games. Section One: Introduction The impact of video games has become a controversial issue in modern times. The gaming industry has grown enormously through the evolution of modern consoles, games and accessories. The hype that surrounds new technology and technology gadgets is unprecedented even in the world of gamers. Video games now play a huge role in society affecting many people around the globe. According to many studies, Video games can increase aggressive behavior and emotional outbursts and decrease inhibitions in many people. (Kardaras 2008). Teenagers are mostly affected by video games because nowadays in many of the richer countries it is perceived as a necessity in their lives, rather than a privilege. This paper provides an investigation into the impact of video gaming on society to determine whether it leads to aggressive, violent, anti-social behaviour. For the purpose of this examination the information has been broken up into six sections. The first section examines what video games are and the different types of games found in the gaming industry. Next I look at how video games have an impact on society and then the possible factors which lead to aggression, violence and anti-social behaviour. Section five explores how video games have been used to form a second life. The final section will discuss how effectively game ratings restrict anti-social and adult content The information presented in the first three sections is instrumental for the factors which lead to aggression, violence and anti-social behavior. There is no question that video games have an impact on society and it has become a huge problem in recent years. One thing that is certain is that the gaming industry is growing rapidly which increases the impact of video games on the society. Section Two: What are video games and the different type of video games? A video game is an electronic game that involves interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The electronic systems used to play video games are known as platforms .There are many different platforms which video games can be played on. These are personal computers and video game consoles. These platforms range from large computers to small handheld devices (Video Game 2009) Video game platforms have become very common in households around the world. The Australian Bureau of Statistics completed an extensive investigation into the Australian Gaming industry and the results clearly show that gaming is widespread in society and that it continues to grow. Some of their findings include: The Australian games industry is worth an estimated $140 million per year Australians spend over A$2 million per day on interactive computer games Annual compound growth of the industry is 12.3% 12.5 million games were sold in 2006 6.1million video game consoles have been sold since 2000 3.6million Australian households have a video game console 4.8million Australian households have an internet enabled PC which is capable of playing games (Booker 2008) The platforms continue to evolve and become more and more sophisticated with time. Some platforms have been designed so that a gamer can access their video games at any time; for example with the PSP (play station portable) a gamer is able to carry his console around with him/her anywhere. The Wii console set a new precedent for the gaming world, trying to create a physical gaming experience. When it was released in December 2006 it was the fastest selling gaming console in Australian history, In the first four days of its launch in December 2006, 32,901 Wii units were sold nationwide (Moses 2006). It bought a new dimension to the industry; its main selling point was that it had games that allowed gamers to exercise reducing the need for outside activity and trying to curb obesity. Due to the revolution of new game consoles there are many different types of games which are being played these days. These games range from action to puzzle to driving games. According to Caruana, Caruana and Bruner 2009 the seven different types of game that can be identified are action, adventure and role playing, arcade, strategy, simulation, driving and puzzle games. Action games usually have a large amount of violence due to their fast-paced nature. Many of these games fall under the category of mature rated games which are inappropriate for children. Some games are milder but may contain suggestive themes. Action games may allow the user to play person against person or person against animal/alien. Some examples of such problematic games include Halo, Star Wars, Jedi Knight and Enter the Matrix (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Adventure and role playing games are usually less graphic than action games and typically have an element of surrealism and fantasy. Many times these games are combined with a role playing element and allow the character to initiate dialogue. These adventure and role playing games are designed to be less intense than action games; they often do include violence. These games tend to be among the most addictive due to the narrative fantasy themes. Examples of this genre are Starfox Adventures and Billy Hatcher. (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Arcade games can be almost anything from the violent Street Fighter to the classic Pacman. This category includes games that cover the entire spectrum of ratings. Many older arcade games have been updated and turned into 3-D. Some examples are Pacman and Soul Caliber 2. (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Strategy games most often involve tactical movement of troops and/or players. These games may be warfare based or may be as simple as chess. The content of many of these games can be appropriate for children but they tend to be difficult to play. Combat is often slower paced and allows time for strategic thinking. Some examples are Advanced Wars I II and Chessmaster 2000 (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Simulation games are often aircraft simulations. You get to fly a jet or a helicopter. Most have nothing more to them than the destruction of enemies; rarely do they use excessive language. Some games in this category include Secret Weapons Over Normandy and SimCity. (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Driving games are most often racing, but some are also crash derby or mission-based. Players usually get a choice of car and get better and better cars over time. Some of these games are Project Gotham Racing, ATV Offroad Fury, and the highly offensive Grand Theft Auto. (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Puzzle games are rated for everyone. They all involve thinking and logic skills. A common puzzle game is Tetris. Many others are Tetris-like or involve color matching skills. Many games incorporate puzzle aspects but are not true puzzles. Some of the puzzle-incorporating games fall under Action or Role-Playing games. (Caruana, Caruana Bruner 2009) Section Three: How do video games have an impact on society? Adolescents and children are the groups most exposed to video games. They are at such crucial stages in their development and highly influenced by their environment which is why they are deliberately targeted time and time again by the gaming industry and advertisers. It is a common belief in society that they are becoming increasingly exposed to games that cause some to become violent, aggressive and antisocial. According to Gentile, Lynch, Linder and Walsh (2004) the average child in the USA aged 2-17 years old plays video games for seven hours a week. This average masks wide differences between boys and girls and children of different ages. There is a gender difference in the number of hours spent playing games. In modern studies it has been shown that adolescent girls played video games for an average of five hours a week whereas boys averaged thirteen hours a week. The two aspects of video game use that are of interest are the amount of time involved and the content. With respect to content, researchers have been most interested in violent games compared with non-violent games. Although not all studies have differentiated between violent and non-violent content this is an important distinction as it is likely that the effects of amount of play and the content of games may be independent of each other. For example most evidence suggests that amount of play affects school performance whereas violent content affects aggressive outcomes (Gentile, Lynch, Linder Walsh 2004). Although Greg Thom reports that The games which have the most positive impact on users are educational games which help users with the enhancement of visual and communication skills (Thom 2009). A good indicator of the negative effects of video games is its impact on school and grades. School performance is very essential for many adolescents and their families all around the world. Performance at school will offer more opportunities for the students in the future. While students are provided with these opportunities for the future many adolescents around the world choose to spend hours on video games rather than focusing on studies. Video games can have some positive aspects but studies have shown a negative association between the amount of video game playing and school performance for children, adolescents and college students. Games can be played in moderation but for many who are avid gamers it becomes more important than other things that they should be focusing on. Studies show a fairly consistent negative connection between leisure video game play and grades. For example, high-school students who report spending more time playing video games or who report spending more money on video games had poorer grades in English classes. This indicates the huge impact it has on students because students are addicted to the enjoyment of different games. The content of the games being played certainly could affect the relationship between amounts of play and school performance (Gentile, Lynch, Linder Walsh 2004) However, regardless of content the amount of play could affect grades negatively by displacing time spent in other educational and social activities. This suggests that electronic media can influence learning and social behavior by taking the place of activities such as reading, family interaction and social play with peers. If the average child plays video games for seven hours week, those are seven hours that the child is not engaged in reading, homework or participating in creative activities. The content of the games being played certainly could affect the relationship between amounts of play and school performance The overall impact that video games has on students affects them both mentally (addiction of the game) and physically (lack of movement and exercise). Video games become a necessity in their lives leading them to forget other responsibilities like school and social interaction. As shown before with the impact of video games on school performance affecting adolescents, it can be said that adolescents are also affected by video games through the increasing obesity levels. Numerous studies have shown that sedentary behaviours like watching television and playing computer games are associated with increased prevalence of obesity(Dehghan, Akhtar-Danesh Merchan 2005) The cause of teenage obesity is generally because of lack of physical activity combined with unhealthy eating habits. Society has become very inactive especially adolescents because they have become addicted to video games which becomes part of their daily routine rather than their regular exercise. Adolescents spend hours sitting in front of computers, video games or televisions. One survey showed 43% of adolescents play video games for more than two hours games per day (Teen Obesity Statistics 2009). Obese teenagers may also suffer from depression which can lead to a viscous circle of staying at home watching TV, snacking and gaining more weight feeling worse about themselves (Teen Obesity Statistics 2009). This cycle attracts people to play video games because it can be played at home and they are able to snack during their games. It harms a video gamer both mentally and physically which further increase obesity levels. Obesity is one of the biggest unsolved issues around the world with USA having the highest obesity levels in their population. According to research, 14% of adolescents in the United States are overweight. This figure has nearly tripled in the last 20 years (Teen Obesity Statistics 2009). This clearly indicates that obesity is an enormous problem for adolescents in the USA and countries with advanced technologies such as video games consoles like the PS3, PSP and Xbox 360. Section Four: Factors which lead to aggression, violence and anti-social behavior. Violent video games have been a high discussion issue for many years now. Many violent video games have been linked back to aggressive, violent and anti social behavior, for many the line between reality and fantasy is lost through their addiction. For many gamers they are able to live out their fantasies for example in the game Second Life in this game players are able to live their fantasies to the point where they can no longer make the distinction between whats real and whats not. Even though the games on their own dont make a person aggressive violent or anti-social they are still a contributing factor. In modern times games are designed to be entertaining, challenging and sometimes educational. Many companies and advertisers want to push the boundaries, so games are released where it is better to kill people, attack police and drive dangerously, all illegal acts in real life. Recent content analyses of video games show that as many as 89% of games contain some violent content and that about half of the games include serious violent content towards other game characters. Therefore among the games being purchased and played by youth, a majority contain violence. The popularity of video game violence has driven much research on the possible harmful effects on children and adolescents. (Gentile, Lynch, Linder Walsh 2004). Although violent video game exposure is related to negative social outcomes, some experimental work suggests that video game exposure independent of content is related to improvements in certain types of cognition and learning. (Barlett, Anderson and Swing, 2008) With some research for positive outcomes of video games, the negative outcomes are clearly more evidence of negative outcomes through surveys and analysis. For example a meta-analysis by Anderson and Bushman (2001) found that across 54 independent tests of the relation between video game violence and aggression, involving 4262 participants, there appear to be five consistent results of playing games with violent content. Playing violent games increases aggressive behaviors, increases aggressive awareness, increases aggressive emotions, increases physiological arousal and decreases pro-social behaviors. These effects are strong and have been found in children and adults, in males and females and in experimental and non-experimental studies. These modern games due to consumer demands are made to have violent and disturbing scenes in them. Research by Anderson has suggested that exposure to violent video games may increase angry and hostile feelings while interacting with peers, teachers and adults which leads users to violent behavior. (Anderson et. al. 2004) Perhaps the best example of violent video games influence over adolescents is the case of Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris. They opened fire in their Colorado high school in 1999, killing 13 people. Experts made a link back to the continuous playing of video games by these two young men. Reports revealed that Harris and Klebold played a lot of violent video games including Wolfenstein 3D, Doom and Mortal Kombat. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold enjoyed playing violent video games and these games played a role in their violent acts at Columbine High School. Eric Harris had actually modified a version of the game Doom and placed it on his Website. In his version there were two shooters, extra weapons, and the other people in the game couldnt shoot back. Eric and Klebold essentially acted-out their version of Doom on innocent classmates (Holmes 2005). The dramatic rise in violent shootings by teenagers many of whom have been like to be play violent video games is fueling the argument that video game violence translates into real-world situations (Layton 2007). In many violent video games players are encouraged to actively participate as a character by choosing how they will interact with other characters including which weapons will be used while fighting or attacking other characters. Weapons often include guns, knives, pipes and bombs. (Anderson et. al. 2004) In cases of extreme violence like the case of Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris as described above encouragement of violence in video games can ultimately lead to real life situations of violence. The addictive nature of video games can cause anti- social behavior. Often gamers can connect with people around the world without even meeting them or knowing who they really are. From the comfort of your own home, one can communicate via countless chatrooms, twitter, msn, facebook, email and my space; the list goes on and on. The easy access of the internet and the speed which one can do it eliminate the need to go out and socialise in order to meet people. Time spent on video games results in time lost socializing and interacting. Although reports by Greg Thom suggests fun games which encourages teamwork and friendship, can lay the groundwork for positive interaction between children, leading to better behavior and academic results show some positive connection with video games (Thom 2009). The negative linkage with video games is shown more with players spending hours alone on a video game which isolates them from the rest of the world physically, which weakens their social skills. Basic social functions are forgotten. The video game player does not know how to handle social behavior. One cause of the anti-social disorder is even more time spent in front of video games. Another cause is isolation, aggressiveness, and disregard for rules and regulations. An initial addiction of video games can easily turn into a psychological anti-social personality disorder (The Dark Side of the Internet). Section Five: Second Life: Escape from reality. The gaming world has developed enormously in the last ten years. Today there are virtual reality games invented for users to interact with other users online in a whole new world. Second Life is a program that has taken the world by storm. The second life offers similar worldly commitments like business, leisure and friendship. When there is a place to turn and virtually become anything you want to be, why would any user want to leave that fantasy life. This virtual world promotes itself as an escape from reality. Second Life is a 3D virtual world created by its residents thats bursting with entertainment, experiences and opportunity. The Second Life Grid provides the platform where the Second Life world resides and offers the tools for business, educators, nonprofits, and entrepreneurs to develop a virtual presence (Holmes 2005). The main in-world activity is the building of interactive objects using a scripting language that is theoretically designed to be simple enough for those with no previous programming experience. This fits in with Second Lifes stated goal of encouraging widespread group participation and creativity. Objects can be either donated to the world or can be brought for Linden Dollars the Second Life currency. Once you have been through the Second Life orientation a user will be able to explore the world of Second Life. There are so many things to do in Second Life. Just about anything you can do in real life you can do in Second Life. Some of these things which you can do in Second Life are shopping, partying, attending events and having sexual relationships. These types of activities make Second Life such a popular game because it allows users to live a life of fantasy and glamour. Although with all the fantasy of Second Life there has been cases were inappropriate actions have taken place. While Second Life has taken technology to new heights the platform also has been severely criticized for interesting many visitors and turning them into Internet addicts (Linden Lab 2009). The attraction of second life is that users can enter a world that would allow them to be whatever they want and have a life different to their real one. When one can turn into a millionaire with mansions and cars at their disposal, why would they want to go out into the real world. Section Six: Overview of ratings and censorship in Australia. The intention of a rating system is to restrict people from playing certain games. It is designed to provide users with adequate information to make informed decisions. However the current system is open to manipulation quite easily whether that be by corrupt retailers or careless parents. Games that are rated MA15+ or AO are at risk of falling into childrens hands. With pirated media rampant in society a game that is banned in your country could be located and downloaded from a destination where is has been released. Two of the main reasons that games are banned are because they promote anti-social behaviours and expose users to high violence and adult content. For example Marc Ecko Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure was banned, for amongst other things, its glorification of graffiti (List of banned games 2009). While one could argue that it is harmless, the fact remains that graffiti costs approximately 300 million each year in Australia, which families end up paying for with higher cost for services, rates and insurance premiums. Of the thirty three games that have been banned in Australia fourteen of them contained images that were deemed inappropriate for users and considering that the average age of a video gamer in Australia is 30 years old that is indicative of just how explicit the content is (List of banned games 2009). There are already issues in todays society with children being exposed to images/cultures which are not appropriate. The game, Phantasmagoria goes so far as to have a rape scene in it. Without censorship games like these that are highly inappropriate could easily make their way in to children hands. Ratings are vital because they are a tool by which companies must abide to produce a game that can be made available to the masses. However while it is possible to control the content of what hits the shelf, it is what happens once they have been bought that remains the issue. Section Seven: Conclusion The impact of video games is enormous and is increasingly affecting people around the world daily. From street fighter to FIFA 09 these games are impacting society through mental and physical conditions. People are becoming addicted to games and they are impacting some people in a way that they act like the characters they play in the games. In one case, a murder, as explained in the essay, was linked back to the playing of violent video games. Young people in society are mostly attracted to video games. Games with contain violent content and lead aggressive and anti-social behavior are reaching our childrens hands. One question which we should ask Are we to blame the video game companies for producing very harmful games, the parents for buying inappropriate games for their young children or the young people who play the games?. The impact of video games on society is evident with the gaming industry estimated to be worth millions and the development in technology over the years. The research revealed that an estimated 6.1million video game consoles have been sold since 2000.Video games impact society in many ways like school performance, obesity levels and violent behavior. Many games have been banned for there violent and inappropriate contain for example in Australia the game Phantasmagoria was because of its caused huge controversy with rape scenes in it. The issue of video games and there negative effects is evident as shown in the essay. The gaming world had has become so dominant that people are playing games more and more every day because of the releasing of different games daily. The adventure and role playing games were found to be among the most addictive due to the narrative fantasy themes. With new technology like PS3 players allowing the users to use the internet for daily purposes like online banking and shopping. The gaming world has come part of many peoples life and it has either affected them positively or negatively. In many cases gamers have been affected negatively with outcomes like violent, aggressive and antisocial behavior from the exposure to video games and there inappropriate contain in some cases. There is no definitive solution to the issue of gaming and the effect that it has one the user. There needs to be more regulation and parents should become more aware of what they are allowing their children to play. Ultimately, people need to be more conscious of separating the gaming world from the real world and try and maintain a reasonable balance between reality and fantasy. For many the line between reality and fantasy is lost through their addiction of gaming. Reference list: Anderson, C.A. Bushman, B.J 2001. Effects of violent games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science, 12 , pp. 353-359. Anderson, C. A., Carnagey, N. ., Flanagan, M., Benjamin, A.J., Eubanks, J., Valentine, J. C. (2004). Violent Video Games: Specific Effects of Violent Content on Aggressive Thoughts and Behavior. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, p. 199-249. Barlett, C. P, Anderson C.A, Swing, E.L (2008) Video Game Effects- Confirmed, Suspected, and Speculative: A Review of the evidence, Simulation Gaming, vol. 40, pp. 337. Booker, L 2008, Australian Bureau of Statistics Releases Data On Local Games Industry, viewed 4 September 2009, http://www.kotaku.com.au/2008/04/australian_bureau_of_statistics_releases_data_on_local_games_industry/#. Caruana, V, Caruana, C Bruner O (2009), Types of Video Games, Focus on the Family, viewed 28 June 2009, http://www.focusonthefamily.com/entertainment/mediawise/parents_guide_to_video_games/types_of_video_games.aspx. Dehghan, M, Akhtar-Danesh, N Merchant, A. T (2005) Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention, Nutrition Journal, vol. 4, pp.24 Familari, P 2009, Virtual games, real pain, Herald Sun, 3 October, p. 15. Gentile, D.A, Lynch, P.J, Linder, R.H Walsh, D.A 2004, The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance, Journal of Adolescence, vol. 27, pp. 5-22. Holmes, L 2005, Violent Video Games Produce ViolentBehavior, viewed 6 September 2009, http://mentalhealth.about.com/cs/familyresources/a/vidgameviolence.htm. Kardaras, E 2008, The Effect of Video Games on the Brain, Serendip, viewed 2 September 2009, http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1742 Layton, J 2007, Do violent video games lead to real violence? , viewed 25 June 2009, http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/video-game-violence.htm. List of banned video games 2009, Wikipedia, viewed 28 July 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banned_video_games#Australia Linden Lab 2009, Linden Lab Research, viewed 2 September 2009, http://lindenlab.com/. MacDonald, A 2009, Violent video rating under scrutiny again, Hearld Sun, 28 September, p.20. Moses, A 2006, Wii breaks Xbox sales record, The Sydney Morning Herald, December 14. Teen Obesity Statistics 2009, Troubled Teen 101, viewed 4 September 2009, http://www.troubledteen101.com/articles42.html. The Dark Side of the Internet, A social, psychological and economic study of the positive and negative impact the internet has on children and families, viewed 27 June 2009, http://people.hamilton.edu/bhouse/DoWeEncourage/DoWeEncourage5.html. Thom, G 2009, Videos part of game plan for happy kids, Hearld Sun, December 10. Video Games 2009, Wikipedia, viewed 1 July 2009, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_games#cite_note-0. Weinstein,B 2009, Second Lifes founder responds to criticism, MetaVerse Journal, viewed 4 September 2009, http://www.troymedia.com/NewsBeats/Technology_News_Beat/2009/06/TMC062609.htm.
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